Mommy/Daddy BLOG* day3.5

What is cell differentiation?

Cell differentiation is the process in which young cells become specialized and take on individual characteristics. They begin to form their functions.

Gastrulation is a phase early in the embryonic development of most animals, during which the single-layered blastula is reorganized into a trilaminar ("three-layered") structure known as the gastrula. These three germ layers are known as the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Steps of Gastrulation

Steps of Gastrulation*

Step 1 : the blastula rearranges, with sheets of blastometer from the outside of the embryo entering the embryo's interior.

Step 2 : cells move into contact with new cells, allowing unique intercellular communications that lead to cell determination and differentation.

Step 3: then, tsubsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.he 3 embryonic germ layers take their position in the embryo.

What are the 3 germ layers, and what systems do they form?

1. The ectoderm is the outer layer of the early embryo. It emerges first and forms from the outer layer of germ cells.

Generally speaking, the ectoderm differentiates to form the nervous system (spine, peripheral nerves and brain)^[, tooth enamel and the epidermis (the outer part of integument). It also forms the lining of mouth, anus, nostrils, sweat glands, hair and nails.

2.The Endoderm, (sometimes called Entoderm) is one of the germ layers formed during animal embryogenesis. Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells.

3. In humans, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo. The mesoderm differentiates from the rest of the embryo through intercellular signaling, after which the mesoderm is polarized by an organizing center. It differentiates to give rise to a number of tissues and structures including bone, cartilage, muscle, connective tissue (including that of the dermis), blood vascular, reproductive, excretory and urinogenital systems and contributes to some glands. Some cells in mesodermal tissues retain the capacity to differentiate in diverse directions. For example, some cells in the bone marrow (mesoderm) can become liver (endoderm).